Kubernetes is an open source container cluster manager originally designed by Google and donated to the Cloud Native Computing Foundation. It aims to provide a "platform for automating deployment, scaling, and operations of application containers across clusters of hosts". It usually works with the Docker container tool and coordinates between a wide cluster of hosts running Docker.

Cloud Foundry is an open-source platform as a service (PaaS) that provides you with a choice of clouds, developer frameworks, and application services. Unlike most other Cloud Computing platform services, which are tied to particular cloud providers, Cloud Foundry is available as a stand-alone software package. 

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for humans to read and write. It is easy for machines to parse and generate. It is a text format that is completely language independent but uses conventions that are familiar to programmers of the C-family of languages, including C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python, and many others. These properties make JSON an ideal data-interchange language. 

Chef is an automation tool which uses the core components of a workstation and a server to create and run sets of instructions, called recipes and cookbooks, on target nodes. A recipe is a single file that contains one or more resources, and the instructions for that resource. A resource can be practically anything: A Windows service, a file, and even a PowerShell script. The instructions available for any particular resource are dependent on the resource type.

Puppet provides a standard way of delivering and operating software, no matter where it runs. With the Puppet approach, you define what you want your apps and infrastructure to look like using a common easy-to-read language. From there you can share, test and enforce the changes you want to make across your datacenter. And at every step of the way, you have the visibility and reporting you need to make decisions and prove compliance. 
The result: you get a standard way of automating all of it, at scale.

Ansible is an IT automation engine that automates cloud provisioning, configuration management, application deployment, intra-service orchestration, and many other IT needs. Ansible models your IT infrastructure by describing how all of your systems inter-relate, rather than just managing one system at a time. It uses no agents and no additional custom security infrastructure, so it's easy to deploy - and most importantly, it uses a very simple language (YAML, in the form of Ansible Playbooks) that allow you to describe your automation jobs in a way that approaches plain English.

Jenkins is an open source automation server written in Java that provides Continuous Integration - the practice of running your tests on a non-developer machine automatically everytime someone pushes new code into the source repository. This has the tremendous advantage of always knowing if all tests work and getting fast feedback on build quality.

SaltStack is a Python-based open-source configuration management software and remote execution engine. It provides the full systems and configuration management software stack for fast and scalable deployment and automation of any cloud. SaltStack is used to orchestrate and control physical and virtual computing infrastructure while providing automation for the DevOps toolchain.

YAML

YAML (YAML Ain't Markup Language) is a human-readable data serialization language. It is commonly used for configuration files, but could be used in many applications where data is being stored (e.g. debugging output) or transmitted (e.g. document headers). YAML targets many of the same communications applications as XML, but has taken a more minimal approach

SOAP

SOAP is an XML-based messaging protocol. It defines a set of rules for structuring messages that can be used for simple one-way messaging but is particularly useful for performing RPC-style (Remote Procedure Call) request-response dialogues. It is not tied to any particular transport protocol though HTTP is popular. Nor is it tied to any particular operating system or programming language so theoretically the clients and servers in these dialogues can be running on any platform and written in any language as long as they can formulate and understand SOAP messages. It is an important building block for developing distributed applications that exploit functionality published as services over an intranet or the internet.

REST-API

Representational state transfer (REST) or RESTful web services are one way of providing interoperability between computer systems on the Internet. REST-compliant web services allow requesting systems to access and manipulate textual representations of web resources using a uniform and predefined set of stateless operations. 

Unlike SOAP-based web services, there is no "official" standard for RESTful web APIs. This is because REST is an architectural style, while SOAP is a protocol. REST is not a standard in itself, but RESTful implementations make use of standards, such as HTTP, URI, JSON, and XML.

SAML

SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language) is an Extensible Markup Language (XML) standard that allows a user to log on once for affiliated but separate Web sites. SAML is designed for business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions. SAML specifies three components: assertions, protocol, and binding. There are three assertions: authentication, attribute, and authorization. Authentication assertion validates the user's identity. Attribute assertion contains specific information about the user. And authorization assertion identifies what the user is authorized to do.

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Linux Academy is an advanced online training and certification courses in Linux, AWS, OpenStack and DevOps to learn new skills and get certified.

AWS Qwiklabs provides lab learning environments that help developers and IT professionals get hands-on experience working with leading cloud platforms and software.

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